Verification of blackbodies emissivity

Reflecting Cavity Blackbodies for Radiometry

Nearly 20 years ago Quinn and Martin presented a novel blackbody design with an absorbing end face and highly reflecting side walls. This blackbody had the considerable advantage of being less sensitive to temperature gradients along the side walls (potentially of several degrees Celsius) compared to an all-black cavity. Recent work at NPL has developed this concept further, laying out the conc...

Low-Background Temperature Calibration of Infrared Blackbodies

The stability of blackbody sources and their ability to be modeled accurately make them well suited for radiometric calibration activity. However, the implementation of the blackbody in industry or the laboratory may, and often does result in blackbody performance that deviates from ideal. The Low Background Infrared (LBIR) facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) w...

Emissivity: A Program for Atomic Emissivity Calculations

automatic verification of authentication protocols using genetic programming

implicit and unobserved errors and vulnerabilities issues usually arise in cryptographic protocols and especially in authentication protocols. this may enable an attacker to make serious damages to the desired system, such as having the access to or changing secret documents, interfering in bank transactions, having access to users’ accounts, or may be having the control all over the syste...

Polarization Dependence of Emissivity

where i, r, and t label the incident, reflected, and transmitted waves, respectively. The solution is based on the fact that eq. (1) holds separately for each polarization of the emitted radiation, and is also independent of the angle of the radiation. This result is implicit in Planck’s derivation [5] of Kirchhoff’s law of radiation, and is stated explicitly in [6]. That law describes the ther...